Calculus prostatitis is a complication of the chronic inflammatory process in the prostate gland. With this disease, stones form in the secretory ducts of the prostate gland and acin. As a result of the development of the pathological process, the patient often urinates, there is pain in the perineum and lower abdomen, erection is disturbed. You should not continue the course of this disease, as it can eventually lead to a number of health problems.
What is calculative prostatitis
This disease is a form of chronic prostatitis. The disease is characterized by the formation of prostatolites or stones, which are one of the most common consequences of the protracted inflammatory process observed in the prostate gland.
Prostate stones are most commonly found in about 9% of men of all ages during regular checkups.
There are three age peaks in the frequency of this form of prostatitis:
- 30-39 years old. As a rule, the disease is not detected in patients under 30 years of age. However, the disease is getting younger. The development of calculous prostatitis in people in this age group is associated with a long course of chronic prostatitis caused by gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis or mycoplasmosis.
- 40-59 years old. In men in this age group, the disease most often causes prostate adenoma.
- Over 60 years old. In this case, calculous prostatitis most often develops against the background of depletion of sexual function.
Causes and risk factors
The formation of stones in the prostate gland can be caused by two types:
- True or primary, characterized by the direct development of the disease in the ducts of the gland or acin.
- Secondary or false with migration of stones from the upper urinary tract. Often they occur in the bladder, kidneys or urethra. The cause of the development of calculous prostatitis may be urolithiasis.
Depending on the nature of the onset of the disease, the causes of its development are divided into two groups:
- exogenous. In this case, we are talking about factors that are not related to the work of the body, but act from the outside. This includes drug, smoking, or alcohol abuse.
- Endogenous. Concretions appear on the background of any disturbance in the body's functioning. We are talking about organ injuries or postoperative complications. Bacterial damage to the prostate is also associated with these factors.
Alcohol abuse can lead to the development of calculous prostatitis in men.
Calculus prostatitis usually develops against the background of stagnant, inflammatory changes in the prostate. Such processes occur due to insufficient emptying of the prostate gland, so the following factors are the main causes of the disease:
- lack of regular sex life;
- the predominance of a sedentary lifestyle;
- to replace sexual intercourse with masturbation;
- bad habits such as alcoholism or smoking;
- Inflammatory processes of the prostate gland caused by the entry of microbes into the body.
Experts distinguish two main pathological mechanisms that cause the formation of stones in the body and its ducts:
- Impaired secretory function, resulting in a significant stagnation in prostate secretion.
- Discharge of urine into the cavity of the prostate gland. This can occur against the background of malfunction of the genitourinary system, the formation of fistulas and a number of other negative factors.
Symptoms
The symptoms of calculous prostatitis are in many ways similar to the development of chronic inflammation of the prostate gland, but they are more pronounced. Most patients diagnosed with this form of prostatitis complain of difficulty and pain during urination.
In this case, the difference from chronic prostatitis is the pain that is present in the patient not only at night, but day and night. The reason for such a clinical picture is most often a violation of the flow of urine and prostate secretion. This is due to complete or partial blockage of the canal with stones.
A number of other symptoms of the disease should also be noted:
- Pain in the pelvis and perineum. In addition, they can show themselves not only during urination. Patients have unpleasant sensations in the tailbone and lower abdomen, regardless of the specific time of day.
- Pathological impurities appear in the sperm. There is often a bloody discharge, and only in extreme cases there may be pus.
- Pain in the urine, often against the background of false desires. Most patients excrete very little urine. But it can disappear completely.
- Erectile dysfunction. Due to the blockage of the duct of the prostate gland, the normal outflow of sperm from the body is disrupted. All this leads to the impossibility of completing sexual intercourse.
In the most severe cases of the disease, the patient may not have an erection at all and may significantly reduce libido.
Diagnostics
Magnetic resonance imaging gives good results for accurate diagnosis of the disease.
The patient should be carefully examined before treating calculus prostatitis. A urologist diagnoses this disease. He is obliged to make an initial diagnosis based on the patient's complaints, as well as subsequent physical and instrumental examination. This includes the following procedures:
- Digital rectal examination of the prostate gland. It is performed by palpation. In the case of calculous prostatitis, the patient has a kind of crepitus and a bumpy surface of stones.
- Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate. This procedure identifies stones with the appearance of hyperechoic formations with a clear acoustic path. The number of such formations, their size, localization and structure are studied.
- Survey urography. The procedure allows you to determine the presence of prostalitis.
- MRI and CT of the prostate. These methods are highly effective and are used to confirm the results of previous studies.
Used as additional procedures: urethrography, pyelography and cystography.
In addition to instrumental methods, the diagnosis of calcium prostatitis includes laboratory tests that include the following procedures:
- Study of prostate secretion.
- Analysis of bacteriological culture of urine and urethral material.
- PCR examination of the crumb was studied for the presence of genital infections.
- Blood tests. Biochemical analysis is often given.
- Urine analysis.
- Sperm analysis for biochemistry.
- Bacteriological inoculation of ejaculate.
If we talk about differential diagnosis, its task is to distinguish calculous prostatitis from tuberculosis, prostate adenoma, prostate oncology, as well as different types of prostatitis.
Treatment
How to treat calculus prostatitis? Therapy for calculus prostatitis is prescribed by a doctor based on a thorough diagnosis. Depending on the stage of the disease, several treatment options are possible. Let's take a closer look at each of them.
Drug therapy
The course of treatment is determined individually by the doctor.
Pill treatment for chronic calculous prostatitis can last from one to three months. This type of therapy is primarily aimed at achieving stable remission and preventing complications of the disease.
Regardless of the cause of the disease, the patient is prescribed antibacterial drugs. Antibiotics are prescribed based on the results of analysis of urethral secretion and urine culture.
The most commonly used tools in the treatment of calculous prostatitis are:
- Fluoroquinolones. This is the most effective group of antibiotics used in the treatment of calculous prostatitis. However, these drugs can be used only after the complete absence of tuberculosis.
- Tetracyclines. They are less commonly used because they often cause side effects.
- Penicillins. Classic antibiotics that have a broad effect on pathogenic microflora.
- Cephalosporins.
Physiotherapy
The following physiotherapy techniques are used to increase the effectiveness of drug therapy and improve prostate function:
- Magnetotherapy. It is used to eliminate edema and normalize the circulatory process.
- Laser therapy. Eliminates pain syndrome & helps reduce inflammation
- Prostate massage. Improves blood circulation in the prostate gland, allows you to restore the openness of the ducts.
In some cases, the treatment of calculous prostatitis requires a radical approach. In this case, various surgical methods are used, the most popular of which is prostatectomy.
Possible complications
Sports calculus is the best prevention of prostatitis.
If the patient is not treated in time, chronic calculous prostatitis may develop. It can be fraught with the following dangerous complications:
- development of an abscess;
- prostate fibrosis;
- problems with potency;
- urinary incontinence;
- various forms of vesiculitis.
Therefore, it is very important to start early detection and treatment of calculous prostatitis. As a prevention of this disease, it is necessary to give up alcohol and smoking, play sports, treat infections in a timely manner and prevent hypothermia.